Low Sperm Motility (Asthenozoospermia): Can Poor Sperm Movement Affect Natural Pregnancy?

Published by: Saira Health Care
Medical Education: Dr. Nizamuddin Qasmi
Date: 24 October 2026
Category: Male Infertility | Sperm Health | Sexual & Reproductive Health

Introduction: What Happens When Sperm Are Not Moving Properly?

Are your sperm cells not moving properly? Has your semen analysis report shown low sperm motility, poor progressive motility, or a high percentage of immotile sperm?

For many men, receiving an abnormal semen analysis report can be worrying, especially when trying to achieve pregnancy.

However, low sperm motility does not automatically mean permanent infertility. Understanding why sperm are not moving properly is an important first step toward identifying appropriate treatment options.

Sperm motility refers to the ability of sperm cells to move. Healthy forward movement helps sperm travel through the female reproductive tract toward the egg.

When sperm movement is reduced, the chances of natural fertilisation may decrease, although pregnancy can still occur in some cases.

At Saira Health Care, Dr. Nizamuddin Qasmi discusses male reproductive health concerns, including low sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology, varicocele, and other conditions associated with male infertility.

In our latest educational video, we explain the possible causes of poor sperm movement, the importance of semen analysis, the relationship between varicocele and fertility, and available management approaches.

Watch Our Latest Video: Sperm Not Moving? Low Sperm Motility Explained

▶️ Watch the Complete Video:
https://youtu.be/zmvtG4vyxX4?si=iqZ6FCeMDdx2-CNT

1. What Is Sperm Motility?

Sperm motility is the ability of sperm cells to move through fluid. It is one of the important parameters examined during semen analysis.

Sperm must be capable of effective forward movement to reach and potentially fertilise an egg.

Sperm motility is generally classified into three categories:

A. Progressive Motility (PR)

Progressively motile sperm move forward in a straight line or along a broad curved path.

This type of movement is particularly important for natural fertilisation.

B. Non-Progressive Motility (NP)

These sperm cells demonstrate movement but do not make meaningful forward progress.

For example, a sperm cell may move its tail without travelling effectively toward an egg.

C. Immotile Sperm (IM)

Immotile sperm cells do not show movement during microscopic examination.

An immotile sperm cell is not necessarily dead. Additional sperm vitality testing may help distinguish living but immotile sperm from non-viable sperm.

2. What Is Low Sperm Motility or Asthenozoospermia?

Asthenozoospermia is the medical term commonly used when sperm movement, particularly progressive motility, is below the expected reference range.

According to reference values associated with the WHO's sixth edition semen examination manual, the lower reference limits include:

These figures are statistical reference limits derived from men whose partners conceived naturally within one year. They are not absolute boundaries between fertility and infertility.

A man with sperm motility below these values may still achieve pregnancy, while a man with apparently normal semen parameters may experience fertility difficulties.

Important: Semen analysis results must be interpreted together with sperm concentration, total sperm count, morphology, medical history, and the reproductive health of both partners.

3. Why Are Sperm Not Moving? Important Causes of Low Sperm Motility

Several medical, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors may contribute to reduced sperm movement.

A. Varicocele

Varicocele is an enlargement of veins within the scrotum, around the testicle.

It may interfere with normal testicular function in some men and can be associated with increased oxidative stress, impaired sperm production, and reduced sperm quality.

Varicocele is one of the important conditions evaluated in men experiencing infertility.

B. Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress develops when reactive oxygen species exceed the body's antioxidant defences.

Excessive oxidative stress can damage sperm structures and may interfere with sperm movement and function.

C. Genital Tract Infections or Inflammation

Certain reproductive tract infections and inflammatory conditions can affect semen quality.

Not every infection causes infertility, and treatment should be based on an appropriate clinical diagnosis rather than unnecessary antibiotic use.

D. Hormonal Disorders

Abnormalities involving testosterone, FSH, LH, or other hormones may affect sperm production.

Hormonal testing is recommended selectively according to the patient's medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis results.

E. Smoking and Tobacco Consumption

Smoking has been associated with poorer semen quality and increased oxidative stress.

Stopping tobacco use is an important step for general and reproductive health.

F. Obesity and Metabolic Health

Obesity and certain metabolic disorders may contribute to hormonal disturbances and impaired reproductive function.

G. Excessive Heat Exposure

Frequent exposure to high temperatures may adversely affect testicular function and sperm production.

Men should avoid unnecessary prolonged heat exposure, particularly when planning a pregnancy.

H. Certain Medicines and Hormonal Substances

Some medications and treatments can interfere with sperm production.

Anabolic steroids and external testosterone therapy may significantly suppress sperm production.

Men wishing to preserve fertility should discuss these risks with their treating physician.

I. Genetic or Structural Conditions

In some cases, severely reduced sperm motility may result from structural abnormalities affecting sperm tails or other genetic conditions.

Specialised fertility assessment may be required.

4. Can Varicocele Cause Poor Sperm Movement?

Yes. Varicocele can contribute to impaired semen quality in some men.

The scrotal veins are involved in regulating normal blood circulation around the testes.

When the veins become enlarged, normal testicular temperature regulation and function may be affected.

Possible associations include:

• Reduced progressive sperm motility.
• Lower sperm concentration in some patients.
• Increased oxidative stress.
• Abnormal sperm morphology.
• Testicular discomfort or a feeling of heaviness.
• Reduced reproductive potential in selected patients.

However, not every man with varicocele has infertility, and not every patient requires treatment.

Varicocele assessment may involve a physical examination and, when clinically indicated, scrotal Doppler ultrasonography.

Does Every Varicocele Patient Need Surgery?

No.

Treatment depends on symptoms, fertility goals, physical examination, semen parameters, and other relevant clinical findings.

For selected men attempting pregnancy who have a palpable varicocele, infertility, and abnormal semen parameters, specialist guidelines recommend considering varicocele repair.

Surgery is not routinely recommended solely for a small varicocele detected on imaging without a palpable abnormality.

5. Dr. Qasmi's Nuskha No. 145 – Varico Relief and Traditional Unani Management

Traditional Unani medicine has historically used various herbal and mineral-based formulations for selected health conditions.

At Saira Health Care, Dr. Qasmi's Nuskha No. 145 – Varico Relief is a formulation discussed in connection with traditional approaches to varicocele-related complaints.

About Varico Relief

Varico Relief is part of Dr. Qasmi's Unani formulation range.

Its product information describes traditional uses relating to varicocele and certain swelling-related complaints.

However, reliable clinical evidence establishing that this formulation can reverse enlarged scrotal veins, replace varicocele surgery, or improve pregnancy rates is currently insufficient.

Patients with suspected varicocele should undergo appropriate medical assessment to determine whether observation, symptom management, or an established intervention is needed.

Varico Relief Product Information

Product Name: Dr. Qasmi's Nuskha No. 145 – Varico Relief

Category: Traditional Unani Formulation

Discussed In: Varicocele-related health concerns.

View Product Details:
https://pharmacy.sairahealthcare.com/medicine/dr-qasmis-nuskha-no-145-varico-relief/68

Patients should not start the formulation without professional consultation, particularly if they take other medicines or have existing health conditions.

6. What Is Sperm Morphology, and Why Does It Matter?

Sperm morphology refers to the shape and structure of sperm cells.

During semen analysis, laboratory professionals examine the sperm head, midpiece, and tail.

Abnormalities in these structures may sometimes be associated with impaired sperm function.

For example:

• Head abnormalities may affect certain processes involved in fertilisation.
• Midpiece abnormalities may be associated with problems involving sperm energy production.
• Tail abnormalities may interfere with movement.

However, morphology cannot be used alone to determine whether a man is fertile or infertile.

What Does 4% Normal Sperm Morphology Mean?

Under commonly used strict morphology criteria, 4% normal forms is the lower WHO 2021 reference limit.

This does not mean only 4% of sperm are alive or that pregnancy is impossible.

It indicates that 4% of the sperm examined met the laboratory's strict structural criteria.

The significance depends on the complete fertility assessment.

7. Spermogenic Powder and Male Reproductive Health

Spermogenic Powder is another traditional Unani formulation available through Saira Health Care Pharmacy.

The formulation is discussed in relation to male reproductive health and concerns involving semen quality, sperm movement, and morphology.

Spermogenic Powder in Traditional Unani Practice

Its product information describes a blend of herbal ingredients traditionally used for male reproductive wellness.

Some ingredients used in traditional formulations have been studied for antioxidant or reproductive-health-related properties.

However, evidence concerning individual ingredients cannot automatically establish the effectiveness of a finished combination product.

There is currently insufficient high-quality clinical evidence to conclude that Spermogenic Powder reliably increases normal sperm morphology, improves progressive motility, or treats male infertility.

Spermogenic Powder should therefore be considered only within an individualised clinical discussion, not as a substitute for diagnosis or established fertility treatments.

Spermogenic Powder Product Information

Product Name: Spermogenic Powder

Category: Traditional Unani Herbal Formulation

Discussed In: Male reproductive wellness, sperm quality, motility, and morphology.

View Product Details:
https://pharmacy.sairahealthcare.com/medicine/spermogenic/71

Use should be guided by a qualified practitioner after assessing possible risks, interactions, and the patient's medical condition.

8. Can Low Sperm Motility Be Improved?

In some men, sperm motility may improve when a reversible underlying cause is identified and appropriately managed.

The likelihood of improvement depends on the cause and severity of the abnormality.

Possible approaches include:

1. Treating Identified Medical Conditions

Certain infections, endocrine disorders, and other diagnosed conditions may require specific medical treatment.

2. Assessing Varicocele

Men with clinically significant varicocele and abnormal semen parameters may benefit from specialist evaluation regarding repair.

3. Stopping Smoking and Tobacco

Avoiding tobacco may support reproductive and general health.

4. Maintaining a Healthy Weight

Regular physical activity and balanced nutrition support metabolic health.

5. Eating a Balanced Diet

A diet containing vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and appropriate protein sources provides nutrients important for general health.

6. Sleeping Adequately

Consistent sleep supports overall physical and hormonal health.

7. Avoiding Anabolic Steroids

Anabolic steroids and unsupervised testosterone administration may significantly impair fertility.

8. Reviewing Medications

Patients should inform their physician about prescribed medicines, supplements, and other substances they use.

9. Managing Chronic Conditions

Diabetes, obesity, and certain other illnesses should be assessed and managed appropriately.

10. Avoiding Unproven Fertility Claims

No single medicine, herb, supplement, or dietary modification can guarantee normal sperm motility or pregnancy.

9. Which Tests Are Important When Sperm Are Not Moving?

A detailed evaluation may be necessary when sperm motility is significantly reduced.

Semen Analysis

This is usually the first investigation.

It provides information about sperm concentration, total count, motility, morphology, and several other characteristics.

Repeat Semen Analysis

Semen parameters naturally fluctuate, and a single abnormal result should not always be treated as a definitive diagnosis.

A repeat test may be advised. An interval of approximately three months is commonly used to assess the sperm production cycle, although earlier testing may be appropriate in certain circumstances.

Sperm Vitality Testing

When a large proportion of sperm are immotile, vitality testing may help determine whether the cells are alive.

This distinction can be important when evaluating severe motility disorders.

Hormonal Investigations

Testosterone, FSH, LH, and other hormones may be checked when indicated by the clinical findings.

Scrotal Doppler Ultrasound

This may be recommended when there is a clinical concern involving varicocele or another scrotal abnormality.

Additional Specialist Investigations

Certain patients may require genetic testing or other investigations depending on the clinical circumstances.

Not every patient needs every test.

10. Can Natural Pregnancy Happen With Low Sperm Motility?

Yes, natural pregnancy may still be possible when sperm motility is reduced.

However, the probability depends on several factors, including:

• The severity of the motility abnormality.
• The total number of progressively motile sperm.
• Other semen parameters.
• The female partner's age and reproductive health.
• Duration of infertility.
• Frequency and timing of intercourse.
• Additional medical conditions.

For couples experiencing fertility difficulties, evaluation of both partners is important.

When Is IVF or ICSI Considered?

Assisted reproductive treatments may be discussed when fertility problems are severe, persistent, or unlikely to respond sufficiently to other treatments.

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) may be considered in selected circumstances.

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) involves fertilisation outside the body.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) involves injecting a selected sperm cell into an egg during laboratory-assisted fertilisation.

The appropriate option depends on the complete clinical situation.

IVF or ICSI is not automatically required for every man with low sperm motility.

11. How Long Does It Take to See Changes in Sperm Quality?

Sperm production and maturation take approximately two to three months.

Therefore, improvements related to medical treatment or lifestyle changes may not become apparent immediately in semen analysis results.

Clinicians may recommend follow-up testing after an appropriate interval to evaluate whether semen parameters have changed.

The results vary between individuals, and improvement cannot be guaranteed.

Men should avoid changing treatments repeatedly without appropriate medical supervision.

12. Frequently Asked Questions About Low Sperm Motility

Q1. Can low sperm motility cause infertility?

Low sperm motility can reduce the probability of natural fertilisation, particularly when progressive motility is markedly reduced. However, it does not necessarily cause complete infertility.

Q2. Does low sperm motility always mean sperm are dead?

No. Immotile sperm may be alive but unable to move. Sperm vitality testing can help make this distinction.

Q3. Can varicocele reduce sperm motility?

Yes. Varicocele may be associated with impaired sperm quality in some men. Nevertheless, many men with varicocele have normal fertility.

Q4. Can varicocele be treated without surgery?

Some patients do not require an intervention and may be managed through observation and symptom care. When treatment of the abnormal veins is indicated, established options include surgical repair and selected radiological procedures. Herbal medicines have not been proven to eliminate the underlying varicocele.

Q5. Can Spermogenic Powder improve sperm morphology?

Spermogenic Powder is marketed for male reproductive health, but there is insufficient robust clinical evidence establishing that it improves normal sperm morphology or pregnancy outcomes.

Q6. Is 20% progressive sperm motility concerning?

A progressive motility result of 20% is below the WHO 2021 lower reference limit of 30%. It warrants interpretation alongside other semen findings and may require repeat testing and further assessment.

Q7. Can sperm count be normal while motility is low?

Yes. A man can have a normal sperm concentration but reduced progressive motility. These are separate semen parameters.

Q8. Can lifestyle changes help sperm motility?

Healthy lifestyle habits may benefit general and reproductive health. The extent of improvement in sperm motility varies according to the underlying cause.

Q9. When should a couple seek fertility evaluation?

Couples should generally seek evaluation after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse without pregnancy when the female partner is younger than 35, or after six months when she is 35 or older. Earlier evaluation is appropriate when a known fertility-related condition is present.

Q10. Is low sperm motility permanently untreatable?

Not necessarily. Some causes are reversible or treatable, while others may be persistent. A proper medical evaluation is necessary to determine the available options.

13. Expert Perspective: Understanding the Cause Before Choosing Treatment

Dr. Nizamuddin Qasmi, Founder & Chief Physician of Saira Health Care, encourages men experiencing reproductive health concerns to understand their semen analysis findings and seek appropriate assessment.

Male fertility involves much more than sperm count alone.

Sperm movement, morphology, reproductive anatomy, hormonal health, medical conditions, and the reproductive health of both partners may influence the chances of pregnancy.

A personalised and evidence-informed approach is preferable to relying on a single advertised treatment.

Traditional Unani practices may be discussed as part of a patient's preferences, but their limitations, potential risks, and available scientific evidence should be clearly explained.

14. Watch the Complete Educational Video

Video Topic: Sperm Not Moving? Low Sperm Motility, Varicocele, and Male Fertility Explained

Learn about:

• Why sperm cells may not move properly.
• How poor sperm motility affects natural fertility.
• Why varicocele may affect semen parameters.
• The relationship between sperm morphology and fertility.
• Medical evaluation and available management options.
• Traditional Unani formulations discussed by Dr. Nizamuddin Qasmi.

▶️ Watch Now on YouTube:
https://youtu.be/zmvtG4vyxX4?si=iqZ6FCeMDdx2-CNT

15. About Saira Health Care

Saira Health Care provides consultation and educational information concerning male reproductive health, infertility, sexual disorders, and related medical conditions.

The clinic is led by Dr. Nizamuddin Qasmi, Founder & Chief Physician, a Unani practitioner with a focus on sexual and reproductive health.

Patients concerned about sperm motility, sperm count, sperm morphology, or varicocele can seek individualised consultation and guidance regarding appropriate medical evaluation.

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Conclusion: Poor Sperm Movement Is a Reason for Evaluation, Not Despair

Sperm motility is an important aspect of male reproductive health. When sperm cells do not move properly, natural fertilisation may become more difficult, but this does not always mean that pregnancy is impossible.

Low sperm motility can be associated with multiple factors, including varicocele, oxidative stress, lifestyle habits, certain illnesses, and structural or genetic conditions.

The most appropriate approach is to identify potential underlying causes through proper medical evaluation and then select suitable management options.

Remember: A semen analysis report is the starting point of fertility evaluation, not a final verdict on your ability to become a father.

For further education about male reproductive health, follow Dr. Nizamuddin Qasmi and Saira Health Care.

SAIRA HEALTH CARE – YOUR HEALTH, OUR PRIORITY.

Medical Disclaimer

This article is intended for general educational purposes and does not constitute an individual diagnosis or treatment recommendation. Traditional Unani formulations described here have not been established as cures for varicocele, asthenozoospermia, abnormal sperm morphology, or infertility through adequate high-quality clinical trials.

The effectiveness, safety, and suitability of any medicine depend on individual circumstances. Readers should consult an appropriately qualified healthcare professional before beginning, discontinuing, or modifying any treatment. Established fertility investigations and necessary specialist care should not be delayed.